Leadership Style and Its Impact on Employees

FACULITY OF GRADUATE STUDIES MBA PROGRAM THE BANK MANAGERS' LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES' JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOUTH OF WEST BANK BY AFNAN MOHAMMAD AMER ADVISOR DR. SHARIF ABUKARSH This proposition is submitted in incomplete satisfaction of necessities for the level of Master of Business Administration (MBA), College of Graduate Studies, Hebron University. 2009 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I might want to communicate my gratefulness to the individuals who gave important guidance and help during arrangement of this theory My thankfulness to my Advisor Dr. Sharif Abukarsh for his direction and backing. Also, my thankfulness to all the Bank anagers who permitted me to lead the examination in their branches My gratefulness to each one helped me to make this bit of work completed.3 DECLARATION No part of the work alluded in this investigation has application capability for to been presented another this or as degree any or other college or foundation of learning. 4 a DEDICATION T his bit of work is devoted to all my relatives, particularly to the incredible dad I have, to my valuable mother, my closest companion Akram, and my flawless children; zaid, Sanad, Manar and mohammad, for their understanding and supporting. To them and to each and every individual who took an interest, helped, and empowered me o complete this work, I devote this proposition 5ABSTRACT THE BANK MANAGERS' LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES' JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOUTH OF WEST BANK Job fulfillment is one of the most significant human asset related results, Further; associations that have progressively fulfilled representatives are probably going to be increasingly gainful and productive. Among determinants of occupation fulfillment, authority is seen as a significant indicator and assumes a focal job. This investigation perceives the sorts of the current Bank chiefs' authority style in southern piece of West Bank and its effect on representatives' activity fulfillment from t he view oint of its workers. All the representatives of (20) Bank offices in the southern piece of West Bank which are (390) workers, were the objective populace of the examination. The scientist created one survey utilized as an essential source comprises of three gathering primary information, parts: the this first poll part contained inquiries regarding the representatives segment factors, the subsequent part is about the pointers of the present initiative styles of the Bank chiefs in the southern piece of West Bank and the third part is a session the activity fulfillment of the Bank workers. One hundred dispersed representatives in to twenty a the three tratified Banks of polls orderly southern 6 section have test of West been the Bank. Eighty nine surveys were returned which make the respondents rate (72. 4%). The aftereffects of the exploration featured a solid positive connection between law based administration style and representatives' activity fulfillment, a somewhat frai l positive relationship workers' between work imperious fulfillment and initiative a solid style and negative connection between the laissez reasonable authority style and workers' activity satisfaction.7 CHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1. 1 Introduction Job human fulfillment is asset related ften-examined point the one results, in of the and most significant maybe the executives and the most modern brain science. Further, associations that have progressively fulfilled workers are probably going to be increasingly gainful and beneficial. Employment fulfillment, qualities likely such outcome as client low together and in with ecological other turnover fulfillment, different attributes, authoritatively diminished positive esteemed non-appearance and hierarchical occupation fulfillment, employment will results efficiency, adequacy. (kim 2004) Among determinants of initiative is seen as a significant indicator and assumes a focal job. Authority is the executives work, which i s for the most part coordinated towards individuals and social association, just as the way toward impacting individuals so they will accomplish the objectives of the association (Rad and Yarmohammadian, 2004).By utilizing suitable initiative styles, administrators can influence representative occupation fulfillment, duty and profitability. Administration style can be seen as a progression of administrative mentalities, practices, attributes and abilities dependent on individual and authoritative qualities, initiative interests 8 and dependability of representatives in various circumstances (Mosadeghrad, 2003). What's more, in view of the chronicled improvement of the Banking ector in Palestine which was, at first, set apart by shortcoming and deformation in its structure and exercises because of the political conditions that Palestine experienced. Obviously, there was a massive requirement for building a solid Banking framework ready to meet the prudent and monetary prerequisites o f Palestine. Furthermore, this solid Banking framework chiefly relies upon the human power that like any business must be fulfilled already in referenced, the work representative's place. work And as it was fulfillment is influenced for the most part by the supervisors' authority style. (Parker, 2003) 1. 2 The Paradigm of the Study Independent factors Dependent variableManagers' Leadership style Job fulfillment Autocratic style Democratic style Laissez-reasonable style Employees' segment factors †¢ Sex Academic capability Salary Hierarchy level Moderator factors 9 F igure 1. 1: Conceptual system There is one autonomous variable: chiefs' administration style, which will influence the reliant variable: representatives' activity fulfillment. There are three authority style pointers (totalitarian, majority rule, laissez reasonable), what's more, there are four arbitrator factors: representatives' sex, their scholastic capability, compensation, and pecking order level, that will inf luence the quality of the connection etween the reliant and autonomous factors. (Kenny, 1986) 1. 6 Objectives of the Study This examination plans to achieve the accompanying destinations: 1. To investigate the authority styles of Bank troughs in southern piece of West Bank. 2. To distinguish the best style accomplishing of elevated level employment fulfillment that to be suggested and followed. 3. To investigate the effect of sex, scholastic capability, compensation, progressive system level, in deciding the activity fulfillment of the south West Bank representatives. 4. To investigate the degree of occupation fulfillment of representatives in south West Bank Banks. 1.3 Statement of the Problem Most of the time the achievement or disappointment f any business as a rule and Banking specifically is dictated by the endeavors and by the difficult work done by its human workforce. What's more, since one of the significant elements affecting the workers exercises and occupation fulfillmen t is the initiative style of their supervisors, an investigation of the 10 authority style of the Bank administrators and its connection with the representatives fulfillment is basic for these chiefs to distinguish their styles and its effect on their workers execution, which will straightforwardly influence the Banking execution, with every one of its suggestions on the Palestinian economy. So as to achieve the fundamental goal of this investigation, nswers to the accompanying explicit sub-issues are looked for: 1. What are the essential authority styles of the Bank supervisors from the view purpose of its representatives in southern piece of West Bank? 2. What are the most exceptional qualities of these styles from the view purpose of the workers? 3. What is the workers' activity fulfillment level in southern piece of West Bank? 4. What are the most noteworthy qualities of the workers' activity fulfillment in southern piece of West Bank?5. Is there a reasonable connection between Bank administrators' initiative style and the workers' activity fulfillment in southern piece of West Bank? . Is there a specific sub things in directors' administration style or styles that bring about the most elevated activity fulfillment for the representatives in southern piece of West Bank? 1. 4 Null Hypothesis Based on the difficult explanation referenced over, the exploration speculations for this examination are as per the following: 11 1. There is no critical connection between the administration style of the Bank chiefs and the activity fulfillment of its representatives in southern piece of West Bank. 2. There is no critical contrast in the degree of occupation fulfillment segment of Bank workers factors (sex, in connection scholarly to the capability, alary, chain of command level). 1. 5 Significance of the Study Job fulfillment is a fundamental part of the human asset related results. Furthermore, due to its essentialness in an association, work fulfillment is maybe th e frequently contemplated subject in the executives and in modern brain research (Kim 2004). What's more, since work fulfillment is exceptionally influenced by chiefs' initiative style.The essentialness of this investigation is underlined as this examination is the first in Palestine as indicated by the information on the analyst done in the Banking division The significance advancement of this Banking study area, lies and in its contemplating mpact on the elements that may improve or prevent representatives' activity fulfillment. On the clients level, the more representatives fulfillment, implies the protection of a superior help, from one hand, and then again , the prosperity of the Banking workers will have its unmistakable impact on the Banking division success,12 which the client will legitimately feel; as an accomplishment in significant economy key player. The aftereffects of this examination will feature the impact of the board style hands on fulfillment, which will be an ex tra commitment to the national writing that will help in a superior making arrangements for future formative lans of the Banking area in Palestine. 1. 7 Scope and Limitation of the Study The time scope: the hour of the examination from January, 2008 to March, 2009. The spot scope: The exploration will be made out of all the Palestinian Banks in the southern piece of West Bank (Hebron, Bethlehem, Betjalah). Human degree: all the representatives of the Palestinian Banks in the southern piece of West Bank will be the number of inhabitants in the exploration. Confinements of the investigation

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production

Question: Examine the issues concerning the procedure of exchange and crucial Vision of the Government according to Negotiation? Answer: Presentation Countries that are wealthy in common assets will in general utilize these assets to acquire reserves. The administrations of these asset rich countries go into oil and petroleum gas contracts with the worldwide oil organizations. The worldwide oil organizations is subsequently empowered to create and investigate these assets. These exchanges are trying in the current occasions. The exchange procedure is a difficult angle as a great deal is in question, and a ton of research, information and specialized expertise is required to get a decent deal at these arrangement forms. The oil-rich countries respect the oil and gas assets to be the benefits of the country in general and not the property of individual individuals from the general public, independent of the rights over the surface land. Oil-rich countries are anxious to include the investment of the global oil organizations for the investigation of their common assets. These oil organizations are well prepared for abusing and promoting the said assets. The administrations faces numerous issues while arranging the details of the agreement. This is inferable from the way that oil organizations have high information with respect to the investigation forms and furthermore they are exceptionally knowledgeable about arranging these agreements. The oil organizations by and large get a decent deal on these agreements. The oil organizations approach these agreements in a negative, forceful nad rigid way (3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner, 2007). In this paper, we will assess the different parts of oil and gas exchanges between the administrations and the worldwide oil organizations and would accentuate the noteworthy regions of these agreements which the legislatures should remember while arranging the oil and flammable gas contracts (Ario et al., 2013). Issues concerning the procedure of exchange The oil contracts develop out of the immediate arrangement between the gatherings, and different complex issues are associated with these sorts of agreements. The different variables that the legislatures must remember while experiencing a procedure of arrangement for oil and petroleum gas agreements might be summed up as follows; Time Factor Time assumes a significant job in the arrangement procedure of the oil and gas contracts. These agreements are, as it were, subject to time responsive components, similar to, the monetary and political circumstance which is pervasive in the host nation and the chance of variety of such factors in future; the current market cost of oil as oil costs shift impressively. Remembering these components the oil contracts should be drafted. The particulars of the agreement must be with the end goal that they wind up enduring the test of time (Babusiaux, 2004). Such endurance is just conceivable if the particulars of the agreement are receptive to the predictable just as unforeseeable changes and requests. The main answer for the issue of managing the regularly changing conditions is to make the agreements receptive to such changes and not static. The drafting of the details of the agreements must be with the end goal that in the event that, the principles and guidelines administering investigation or the laws of the host nation change, the administration ought to remunerate the oil organizations (Bantekas, 2009). Interests of the Indigenous Communities The oil contracts are gone into between the oil organizations and the legislatures, yet there are many partners of these agreements. For example, the indigenous networks, the surface land proprietors. These gatherings of people are not part of the proper exchange process, yet their inclinations need to thought about while going into these agreements. The administration needs to set sure that the expectations of the indigenous networks are met through the procedure of exchange. Generally the indigenous networks request occupations and pay. Since, many-a-times the oil organizations make responsibilities however don't meet the duties, the administrations should find a way to guarantee that such responsibilities are met (Bath, 2012). Straightforwardness The arbitrators must direct the arrangement procedure in a straightforward way. Truth be told, straightforwardness of the arrangement procedure is one of the perspectives which guarantees that the agreements are satisfactory to people in general. By straightforwardness, we imply that the particulars of the agreement and the thought included must be unveiled to the general population on the loose. Straightforwardness is a mode by which defilement might be controlled. On the off chance that the administration authorities know that the provisions of the agreement are powerless to being censured by people in general, they will discourage from consolidating such terms in the agreement (Bindemann, 2000). Irreconcilable situation Irreconcilable situation is a typical element of these agreements. From one viewpoint, the legislature is going about as a business substance with the intention of benefit expansion out of the exchanges then again the administration needs to go about as a defender of the interests of the general population and endeavor to polarize the support of the oil organizations (Bret-Rouzaut and Favennec, 2011). So the administration needs to assume double jobs of going about as an effective business moderator, and furthermore it must remember open great. Arbitrators The group that would arrange the agreements for the benefit of the legislature must be picked cautiously. The procedure of arrangement is a craftsmanship. A decent moderator is sufficiently competent to isolate the debatable components, for example, pay from the non debatable ones like offering significance to the worries of the oil organizations. The oil organizations has a high ground in these exchange forms as a result of their experience, specialized skill, and money related solidness. Since the legislatures of the host nations by and large do not have these assets they should enlist gifted moderators having mastery in all the perspectives that are engaged with an oil contract. The moderators should remember that the reason for the exchange is to arrive at a commonly pleasing point that serves the inertest of the two gatherings concerned. Better deal in an exchange procedure would not be conceivable without master exhortation (Contracts. Future Prices and Their Duration Left to N egotiation, 1923). Legally binding Framework The type of agreement which would be received to offer impact to the exchanges is one of the basic choices that the gatherings need to take. The administration and the oil organizations may choose to go into any of the accompanying kinds of agreements; Authorizing or Concession Agreements These understandings are stylish since the start of the 1900s. Under this kind of understanding, the oil organizations procures selective rights for investigating, creating and selling the oil or the minerals for a particular period. These are single finished agreements. This is one of the generally utilized methods of shrinking by the oil organizations and the administrations of the oil-rich countries. The host organizations gets singular amount reward from the oil organizations as thought of giving the selective rights (Crump, 2011). These agreements are beneficial for the administrations of creating nations. This is a straight forward method of contracting between the gatherings. Truth be told, the degree of exhortation and bolster required for going into this sort of agreement is far less. In any case, this sort of agreement isn't liberated from drawback. The business part of the arrangement procedure is a burden to the forming nations when going into this kind of agreement. Joint Venture Agreement A joint endeavor understanding is gone into between parties when the gatherings are consensual about going into a joint endeavor as for oil investigation. While going into a joint endeavor, the gatherings concerned must have satisfactory information about the intrigue, business modes and objectives of one another (Ghandi and Lin, 2014). On the off chance that the gatherings are not consensual on these angles, the joint endeavor would not be a triumph. Inferable from the open-finished nature of the joint endeavor understandings neither the administrations nor the oil organizations are quick to go into this kind of understandings. The main favorable position that the administration can get by going into joint endeavor is that it is ready to rely on the mastery of the organizations and would not need to settle on choices all alone. The legislature is in a situation to impart benefits to the oil organizations under this sort of understanding. There is likewise a hazard related with the procedure of benefit sharing. The administration should share the related dangers and expenses alongside the oil organization. This kind of agreement draws in the immediate interest of the legislature of the host nation. Creation Sharing Agreements (alluded to as the PSA') The particular part of this sort of understanding is that the residents of the host nation are in truth the proprietors of the oil and minerals and not private substances. The obligation of working and dealing with the oil assets lies with the oil organizations. The PSA is like an authorizing understanding in numerous angles. In both these understandings, the legislature of the host nation gets a marking reward. The costs of activity are to repaid by the legislature to the oil organizations. Current consumption must be repaid promptly, and repayment of capital use might be done over years. The oil organizations under this understanding need to pay charges appropriate under the laws of the host nation yet much of the time the administration will in general defer the expenses and the sum is remembered for the benefits of the legislature. In the event that the current lawful framework in the host nation isn't precise, a PSA would not be effective (Jennings, 2002). This kind of understanding is extremely beneficial for the legislatures as totally connected dangers with oil investigation are vested on the oil organizations. The main consumption of the host government is the cost that it needs to bring about for legitimate exchange. Indeed, even if there should arise an occurrence of disappointment of the exp

How to Write an APA Style Paper

How to Write an APA Style Paper American Psychological Association Format (APA) is one of the most important paper writing styles in the world.Chances are especially high that your professor will demand you to write the paper in APA style if you are taking a psychology class.You must be wondering what is an APA style or an APA paper. As a matter of fact, it is just a simple paper which requires you to use the official format of the American Psychological Association that is the APA format.The APA styles formatting and writing rules and regulation can look quite difficult and intimidating in the beginning, especially if you have never used this style to write a paper before.Mostly students are familiar with other formatting styles, the most important of which are the Chicago Style or Modern Language Association (MLA) Style.If you are one such student, you might need some time to get used to writing in APA format. You need to keep in mind that APA format entails hundreds of formatting and writing rules.You live in a fools paradise if you think you can learn and master all of them.Similarly, every instructor has different requirements for you to follow.Some may ask you to use only Times New Roman font and keep the font size to 12, which is a standard for APA format.On the other hand, some of them may allow you to use the font of your choice.However, there are some general rules and guidelines you need to abide by every time you start writing a paper in APA format.GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR APA FORMATFirst and foremost, it is important for you to observe some general rules and regulations before learning advanced formatting rules.The standard paper size in APA format is 8.5 inches by 11 inches.You must always use a 1-inch margin on all four sides of the paper.As mentioned above, the standard font for the APA style is Times New Roman. However, you can also use other, but similar looking fonts.It is recommended that you use only serif fonts such as Courier, Georgia, Century and Baskerville for text.As far as figures are concerned, it is recommended to use sans serif fonts such as Futura, Arial, and Helvetica.The font size should always be 12.It is mandatory for you to type your paper. Handwritten papers are not accepted in any case.The paper should always be double spaced.The top left of every page should also feature a page header.On the other hand, the top right of the page should contain a page number.The header containing the title and the page number is normally referred to as running header. You can also easily add these headers automatically on each page of your paper.It is recommended to use the shortened version of your title if it is too long and does not fit in the running header.You should indent the first line of the first paragraph of each section in the paper. COMPONENTS OF AN APA PAPERThere are four main components of an APA paper that are the Title Page, the Abstract, Main Body and References.Before we explain all these components, it is pertinent to mention that the structure of the page varies according to the requirements you have to meet.Following paragraphs explain how you can format each of these components one by one.For example, you will structure a case study differently than a lab report or a critique paper.In the case of the lab report, it will contain some extra sections explaining everything about discussion, experiments and their results and methods used to carry on the research.But, the standard case study only has three key sections that are the problem to be discussed, the solution options and the final result.You must include all of the four components of in APA paper no matter what the type of paper is.Formatting the Title PageThe title page in APA style is further divided into four different sections.These sections are the running head, the title itself, the name of the author, and authors note and institutional affiliation. We have already described how to create the running header above.The point to be noted here is th at you should include the words Running Head before the page header only on the title page. Similarly, the actual title should all be in the capital letters.Other pages in the paper will not contain the Running Head words before the title.Other things you need to take care of in the title page are as follows.APA discourages the use of meaningless words or abbreviations in the title. Keep the title straightforward and simple. Most importantly, it should convey the main idea and essence of the essay.Put the title in the center of the page. Write it in the 12-point Times New Roman font. You are also not allowed to underline, italicize or bold the title.The title cannot be more than 12 words in length, but it can take up to two lines.The text of your essay should be doubled spaced and same is the case with the title.Author names on the title page should not include any titles such as Dr. or Ms.It is necessary to include the institution (institutional affiliation) where the author conduc ted his research.Formatting the AbstractEveryone knows what an abstract is. It is a very short summary of your essay and it must be a part of every APA paper.The abstract page comes immediately after the title page.The following are some of the rules you have to observe while creating an abstract page for your paper.First of all, you need to keep your abstract as short as possible. You have to capture the essence of your essay in 250 words or less. However, it is advisable to check the instructions provided by your instructor. Sometimes, they set specific requirements regarding the content and the length of the abstract.Do not indent your abstract in the APA style essay.Write the word Abstract without quotation marks right in the center of the page.Include the summary of the main points of your research on the next line. As you may already know, the purpose of the abstract or summary is to introduce your topic and research to the readers.Furthermore, it will also throw some light on the course of action you took to answer the questions related to your study. Finally, it also highlights the main research findings and results.Experts also recommend adding keywords relevant to your study or research under the summary at the bottom of the abstract page. These keywords enable other researchers and instructors to easily find you in the database. Always type keywords in italics and do not forget to indent them. Only list the most important keywords of your research.Formatting the Main BodyThe exact structure of the body varies depending on the requirements of the instructor and the type of paper you are writing.Going back to our example, the lab report will always contain an introduction section, a method section, and a result section.Moreover, you will also include a discussion section in a lab report.Again, you should check with your instructor to determine whether or not you need to include more sections or content in the paper.Abide by the following rules when it comes to formatting the body of an APA essay.Start with the Running title.The next line should contain the main title, which should not be bold, italicized or underlined.The next step is to write the introduction. Unlike the abstract, you have to indent the introduction in the main body.The introduction is perhaps the most important part of the entire paper.It elaborates the main problem under discussion and the scope of the research.The Introduction will also particularize how and where you conducted the research, including things like your institution, city, methods used, and the questions asked and so on.The introduction expounds on the problem in greater detail than the abstract.The Method section will immediately follow the Introduction section.Remember that each section of the paper will have a bold and centered subtitle as well. It is in the method section that you provide the full detail about how you conducted the study.It is imperative to mention all the methods you resor ted to collect and process the necessary data.Results should be the third section of your papers body.Again, it should have a bold and centered subtitle just like the Methods section.As the title suggests, you will summarize your results and findings in the Results section.You can employ many different techniques such as using graphs to display data more clearly and also aesthetically.Immediately following the Result section, Discussions will be the last section of your papers body. The subtitle should be centered and bold once again.You will interpret and analyze your research and its findings in the Discussions section.It is not enough to only draw conclusions in this section. Present all the evidence which support your data and how it leads to those conclusions.Discuss in detail whether or not your results and findings confirmed or support your hypothesis.List and explain all the possible future steps which can support or improve future research and studies.You can also highlight some of the major limitations of your research to make it more authentic and reliable.Writers widely use “in-text citations” throughout the body in APA style paper.These citations normally include the year of the publication as well as the name of the author or authors.However, in-text citations cannot contain page numbers in the American Psychological Association style of formatting a paper. (Martin, 2009) is a typical example of in-text citation used in this very style.Formatting the ReferencesNo academic paper is complete if it does not have any reference and the APA papers are no exception.You have to use a lot of references, scattered across the body of the paper to make it more authentic.All these references go to the last section of the Body that is the References Section.Unlike other sections, the Reference section will have its own separate page. Other requirements concerning the Reference Section are as under.Write the word References at the top and center of the new page. The subtitle should not have any quotation marks neither should it be bold, italicized or underlined.You will begin with the running title.All entries should be double spaced and alphabetized.Everything you cite in the body should also have its own entry in the References section. ORGANIZING YOUR PAPER EFFECTIVELYIn order to format your paper properly and effectively, you have to take special care of things like paper length, headings, and wording. Here is everything you need to know about them. Paper LengthThe experts believe in the notion of less is more as far as APA papers are concerned because they mostly deal with scientific topics.Try your best to keep the paper brief but not on the cost of clarity. You have to deliver your message in a clear and concise manner.Do not waste precious space by beating about the bush.Come to your point directly and elaborate it professionally.The paper should also be devoid of unnecessary details and fluff.This way, your paper will not onl y be concise but short in length as well.How to Use Headings?The best method to effectively organize your APA paper is to use headings.They make your paper look neat and clean.In addition, they help readers easily locate different sections of the paper and pieces of information.Similarly, readers will have a glimpse of the main idea of your essay in a jiffy if you divide it into various headings and subheadings.There are actually five levels of headings in an APA style essay.Each of these headings has a different size and thus, purpose.Level 1 is the largest heading in the APA paper.It is also the main title of your paper.The level 1 heading that is the title should be centered in the middle of the pageIt should be bold.Properly capitalize the title using the upper and lower case letters.Level 2 Heading:Level 2 heading is slightly smaller than the level 1 heading or the title of the paper.Level 2 heading is placed against the left margin of the paper.Always use bold letters for leve l 2 heading.Properly capitalize the level 2 heading using the upper and lower case letters where necessary.Level 3 Heading:Level 3 heading is slightly smaller than the level 2 heading.You indent level 3 heading in from the left side of the margin.Use bold letters.You only capitalize the first word in the level 3 heading. All other words should be lowercased. The exception is for pronouns as they should begin with a capital letter.Level 4 Heading:Level 4 heading is slightly smaller than the level 3 heading.You will indent the level 4 heading in from the left margin.Bold and italicize the level 4 heading.You only capitalize the first word in the level 4 heading as well. All other words should be lowercased. The exception is for pronouns as they should begin with a capital letter.Level 5 Heading:Level 5 heading is the smallest heading in an APA paper.You will always indent the level 5 heading in from the left margin in addition to italicizing it.You only capitalize the first word in th e level 5 heading. All other words should be lowercased. The exception is for pronouns as they should begin with a capital letter.Word Usage in APA StyleWriting a paper in APA style is different from other formats which mostly cover topics like literature, language, and other composition subjects.A scientific paper should always be concise, clear and direct.Therefore, you should take extra care when it comes to word and verb usage in an APA essay.Creation and analysis of data to test hypotheses form the basis of scientific research.All the observations and research experiments rely on them for their success.Remember that researchers use different types of verbs to explain and share the methods and results of their research.The rule of thumb is that you must use verbs in the same tense throughout a section.Heres an example:We tested the solution to identify the possible pollutants.Note that we have used the second form of the verb test in the above sentence.Therefore, it would not ma ke any sense to use the first form of this particular verb in the same section or paragraph, as shown in the following sentence.Scientists often test solutions with the help of a microscope.The APA manual recommends using verbs in the following format.Past tense or present perfect tense for the explanation of the methods.Past tense for the explanation of the results and findings.Present tense for the explanation of the conclusion and future implications.The Tone of the PaperDespite the fact that the APA paper should be free of fluff and unnecessary details, it should not bore readers to death as well.In this regard, it is essential to carry out some research about who will be reading your paper.Subsequently, write your essay in a way which not only educates the reader, but keep them engaged as well.Spelling, Abbreviations, and SpacingNeedless to mention you should write in perfect English.The essay should be well researched and highly informative for the readers.It should provide vi able solutions to a problem faced by a large number of people or a faction of a community.The paper should also be free of plagiarism as well as spelling and grammatical mistakes.Some other rules and regulations regarding words and numbers are as follows.Unless it is not at the end of the sentence, you must use one space after each punctuation mark.You will use two spaces after the punctuation mark if it is at the end of the sentence.You need not use periods between the letters of an Acronym such as APA or MLA if you decide to use one in your paper.You should not use abbreviations excessively. Use them sparingly as too many abbreviations make it difficult for the reader to comprehend a sentence or a paragraph.The case of unfamiliar abbreviations is a little different. If you want to use one, write the full text of the abbreviation and then write the abbreviation, enclosed in parenthesis, immediately after it. For example, you will write STM as Short Term memory Lose (STM).However, i t is not necessary to write the text of the abbreviation if it is listed in Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary as is. AIDS is the typical example.Use the Oxford comma in a sentence with a series of three items. For instance, medication causes fatigue, upset stomach, and drowsiness.You can reference Websters Third New International Dictionary if the Websters Collegiate Dictionary does not have the word you are trying to use.You will consult the American Psychological Associations Dictionary of Psychology for spellings of the words if you are writing the paper in the psychology field.Put the apostrophe before the s if you are using a possessive singular noun. On the other hand, put the apostrophe after the s in the case of writing possessive plural nouns.There should be no space before or after the hyphens in an APA style paper.Type the number if it is less than 10 such as five. You should use numbers for all the figures greater than 10 such as 15. Using Graphics in an APA PaperUs e Arabic numerals to number all the charts, images, drawings or tables in your paper.The first table mentioned in the text should also be numbered as table number 1. Similarly, number tables as per order of their appearance in the text.Do not fall in the trap of using too many graphics. Only use them when it is absolutely necessary or they supplement your point of view. Do not reinstate what you have already said in the text.An average reader will only understand the table if you use enough supportive words. However, the use of extra wording in the table or graph can backfire rather badly as well.CONCLUSIONAbove are some basic but important rules and regulations you have to observe while writing in the APA style.Although, it seems a daunting task to master this particular style of paper formatting yet you will come to terms with everything with the passage of time.

A Comparison of Two Therapeutic Approaches to Mental...

A Comparison of Two Therapeutic Approaches to Mental Disorders The essence of the medical model is the view that abnormal behaviours like mental disorders result from physical problems and should be treated medically, in other words; mental disorders resemble physical diseases, in that they are both illness of the body. As a result, the medical approach would argue that mental illness and therapeutic action should be taken from the medical perspective. Whereas the psychodynamic approach concerning mental illness put forward by Freud was based partly on his psychosexual development theory. In essence, the child passes through stages such as oral, anal etc. Major conflicts or excessive†¦show more content†¦Drugs have been used with some success to treat various disorders such as schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. The medical model argues for direct manipulation of the physiological system within the body, and uses somatic therapy (a major part of which is drug therapy). Drug therapy has been used in the treatment of several disorders, and has been used in the treatment of patients suffering from major depression and schizophrenia. Neuroleptic drugs (drugs that reduce psychotic symptoms but can also produce some of the symptoms of neurological diseases) are often used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Common neuroleptic drugs include the phenothiazines, the butyrophenones and the thioxanthenes as they reduce the posi tive symptoms of schizophrenia for example delusions and hallucinations, but have little effect on the negative symptoms e.g. lack of motivation and emotion and social withdrawal. The drugs used to treat schizophrenia have the great advantage that schizophrenic patients no longer need to be restrained in straitjackets. However, they have significant disadvantages. First, as we have seen, they have several unfortunates’ side effects. Second, the drugs basically reduce symptoms, and cannot be regarded as providing a cure for schizophrenia. This is very unlike the psychodynamics’ approach to treating mental disorders; the psychodynamic therapyShow MoreRelatedDepression And Its Effects On Depression1371 Words   |  6 Pages Depression is a widely misunderstood disorder. It is a psychological condition that greatly effects the way one thinks, feels and subsequently behaves. â€Å"Some authorities have estimated that at least 12% of the adult population have had or will have an episode of depression of sufficient clinical severity to warrant treatment† (Schuyler and Katz as cited by Beck, 1979, p.1). Depression is not fleeting and effects individuals differently. The treatment of depression has become extensively medicalizedRead MoreContrast and Compare Cbt and Existential Therapy Essay1692 Words   |  7 PagesIt encourages the empowerment of an individual to be able to change how they think (cognitive) and how awareness of particular problematic patterns may impact upon our consequent responses (behav iour) (R ch7). 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It is a mental disorder that occurs in aboutRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1990 Wo rds   |  8 Pagespsychotherapy that encompasses several approaches; falling under the heading of CBT. CBT is based on the premise that people s emotional responses and behavior are strongly influenced by cognitions; the fundamental principle being: different cognitions give rise to different emotions and behaviors. CBT was developed out of a combination of both behavior and cognitive principles. CBT is the most empirically supported therapy model and is used to treat many mental disorders. The goal of CBT is to identifyRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment For War Veterans1564 Words   |  7 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder treatment for war veterans Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that may develop after experiencing or seeing a traumatic or a brutal life threatening event. It is increasingly on the rise in war veterans. 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The Connection Between Self Esteem And Income - 1690 Words

It is often speculated upon whether there is any relationship between the amount of money a person has and their level of happiness. Whilst many researchers have directly investigated such a link, most have found little-to-no correlation (Quoidbach, Dunn, Petrides Mikolajczak, 2010; Devoe Pfeffer, 2009). However, a less discussed relationship is that between a person’s self-esteem and their income levels. As it has been found that self-esteem is strongly linked to a person’s happiness (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger Vohs, 2003; Swann, Chang-Schneider Larsen McClarty, 2007), this paper aims to investigate the connection between self-esteem and income, in order to better understand the link between money and happiness. Mandara and Murray (2000) defined self-esteem as the favourable or unflattering views a person has of his or her own attributes. 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Use of the Website and Social Media of Woolworths Free Essays

USE OF WEBSITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA OF WOOLWORTHS LTD Woolworths Ltd is retailer so main goal is to sell. Scale of online shopping increased manifold in last two decades. In present time in developed countries, such as Australia customers can buy online almost everything. We will write a custom essay sample on Use of the Website and Social Media of Woolworths or any similar topic only for you Order Now On this base arose the need to create a new field of marketing – internet marketing and e-commerce. THE BASIC UTILITY AND USER-FRIENDLINESS OF THE FIRM’S WEBSITES From all 32 divisions of Woolworths Ltd, 16 have websites. Also there is one website which belongs to Woolworths Limited and describes enterprise as a whole. All websites fulfil different roles. DIVISIONS| CHARACTERISTICS| Woolworths Limited| Customers can find reports, media releases, announcements, board of directors and management, information for investors, characteristics of strategies and actions adopted by company. http://www. woolworthslimited. com. au/phoenix. zhtml? c=144044p=homepage| AUSTRALIA| Woolworths | Woolworths is main division of Woolworths Ltd. Now, there are over 700 stores in Australia which serve over 13mln customers every week. Its website is the most developed from all divisions. Customers can buy online goods via site, get information about performances, use interactive options, store locator or leave feedback. http://www. woolworths. com. au/wps/wcm/connect/website/woolworths| Thomas Dux Grocery| Website provides only information about new coming products, promotions, recipes and store locator. http://www. thomasdux. com. au/| BWS Beer Wine Spirits| Via this website customers might only find information about types of alcohol sold in stores, current offers in stores. Except from wines and beers in this sores there is possibility to buy hard liquor. ttp://www. beerwinespirits. com. au/| Dan Murphy’s| This is online shop where customers can buy all types of alcohol. Additionally, customers get knowledge about offers and events. http://danmurphys. com. au/dm/home. jsp| Cellarmasters| Online shop – selling wines only (white, red and sparkling). Also provides information about hot deals and gifts. http://www. cellarmasters. com. au/| ALH Group| Web site of Woolworths’ hotels. Customers may find information about company, media releases, venues, social responsibilities. http://www. alhgroup. com. u/| Caltex Woolworths/ Safeway Petrol | Website has information about products, offers, rewards, gift cards, safety issues, petrol station locator. http://www. woolworthspetrol. com. au/home| Big W| Online shop (home garden, beauty health, baby, electronics, entertainment, toys, sports leisure) store locator, online catalogue, and big sale in stores. Has link to Facebook account. http://www. bigw. com. au/bigw/home. jsp| Dick Smith| Electronics online shop – TV Video, Audio Mp3, photography, computers, printers and office, mobiles wireless, car GPS, gaming, home security, kids technology. Customers can take advantages of online deals, store locator and links to social media websites (Facebook Twitter, YouTube). http://dicksmith. com. au/dsau/home. jsp| Masters Home Improvements| Website provides only information about new coming products, promotions, store locator and tips about decoration – Ideas Inspirations. http://masters. com. au/| NEW ZEALAND| Countdown| Countdown fulfils the same role as Woolworths in Australia – main supermarket in New Zealand. Online shop, offers, stores, community, overview of company. http://www. countdown. co. z/| Super Value| Website provides information about current promotions, new releases, overview of company, tips about food and nutrition. http://www. supervalue. co. nz/| Fresh Choice| Website has the same layout as Super Value site – only colours are different. Store differs from Super Value by wider range of products (SV – convenience store, FC – full-service store). http://freshchoice. co. nz/| Dick Smith Electronics| Its website has the same layout and content as Australian Dick Smith’ website. Online shop. http://www. dicksmith. co. nz/dsnz/home. jsp| INDIA| Croma| Website provides information about electronics products available in stores, special offers and news and media. http://www. cromaretail. com/| Table shows there are two main purposes of running website in case of Woolworth’s divisions. One of them is to provide information about products, current special offers, and overview of company, media releases and news, recipes and tips which can be useful to customers. It is used so the client can get the information he needs before leaving home. Customers focus on saving time and money and comparing offers to choose the best one which would fit their needs. Companies realise that they must become competitive in its sector to ensure marketing success. Seven divisions have online retailers. It is a very dynamically developing branch in retailer world. Online shopping statistics give full view on this subject. * 88% internet users undertake one or more e-commerce activity * 69% have purchased one good or service in last six months * 1 in 5 Australians do most of their shopping online * Australian traffic to online retail sites: * eBay – 5,576,000 unique visitors * Amazon – 2,191,000 unique visitors Woolworths – 1,488,000 unique visitors * Average 15% growth of internet shopping every year since 2005 * Market share of internet shopping of 7% of all retail sales (14% growth from last year) * Australian-based ecommerce sales – A$16. 9bln in 2009, A$33. 3bln in 2015 These facts bring about that online shopping has dormant potential which most companies need to utilise to acquire new customers. To be successful a com pany must develop its website so that it will be attractive to customers. This attractiveness is defined as user-friendliness of the website. There are some common characteristics features which determine user-friendliness: access to site map, logical navigation structure, low frequency of errors occurrence, consistent design and layout, access site search tool, access to contact details, easy language, search engine friendly, easy access to main navigational links in the page heading and footer and access to links to social media. There are also many more criteria which makes websites user-friendliness. Following table shows application of these elements on companies’ websites. – has feature and is user-friendlyX/+ – has feature but is not user-friendly X – doesn’t have feature | Site map| Navigational structure| Low errors occurrence| Design and layout| Site search tool| Woolworths| X| +| +| +The best design| +| Thomas Dux Grocery| +/XBad visibility| X/+| +| X/+Poor design| +| BWS Beer Wine Spirits| +| +| +| X/+Poor design| X| Dan Murphy’s| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| X/+Only for pr oducts| Cellarmasters| X| +| +| +| +| ALH Group| X/+Bad visible| +| +| X/+Old fashion style| X| Caltex Woolworths/ Safeway Petrol| X/+Bad visible| +| +| X/+Old fashion style| +| Big W| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| +| Dick Smith (AUS and NZ division)| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| +| Masters Home Improvements| X| +| +| +| +| Countdown| X| +| +| +| X/+Not on home page| Super Value| X| +| +| +| X| Croma| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| +| | Contact details| Easy language| Search engine friendliness| Navigational links| Social media links| Woolworths| +| +| +| +| +Facebook| Thomas Dux Grocery| +| +| +| +| X| BWS Beer Wine Spirits| +| +| +| +| X| Dan Murphy’s| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| X| Cellarmasters| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| X| ALH Group| +| +| +| +| X| Caltex Woolworths/ Safeway Petrol| +prominent| +| +| +| X| Big W| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| +Facebook| Dick Smith| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| +Facebook, Twitter, YouTube| Masters Home Improvements| +| +| +| +| +Facebook, Twitter, YouTube| Countdown| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| +Facebook, YouTube| Super Value| +| +| +| +| X| Croma| X/+Bad visible| +| +| +| X| The table shows that generally websites are user-friendly. Weak points are repeated in some sites. The most common weakness is placing site map and contact details in bad visible location – usually in page footer. Second thing is poor and old fashion design – computer graphic is well developed and websites should adapt new solution to increase attractiveness and relevance of website. Smaller retailers do not engage in internet marketing and e-commerce. They use only information function in relation to their customers. Other elements work out smoothly and internet users should not have problems with navigation on the websites. Simplification for young people is the use of social media links. User-friendliness of the websites should be assessed positively. WEBSITES AND THE CUSTOMERS Internet sources announce various rankings and list of top online retailers. On the list of 60 most popular listing retailers there are 3 retailers belong to Woolworths Ltd: #7 – Dick Smiths Electronics, #8 – Dan Murphy’s and #18 – Woolworths. List of Australia’s top 10 online retailers from February 2011 contains 2 retailers: again Dick Smiths and Big W. Dick Smiths were on the list three years in the row so it shows how well running is the website. Design, updates and layout of website encourage customers to shopping online. Success of Big W is spectacular because it started its activity on the Internet at 10th May 2010. The easiest way to check what costumers think about company is to follow forums where they express their opinions. There are massive numbers of people who buy online and most of them do not complain about the quality of shopping on the Internet via its websites but complain about time they have to wait for delivery. Is it website fault? Delivery is next stage of internet purchase so probably people who organise work in warehouses bear responsibility for delay time. References Communications report 2010–11 series Report 1 – E-commerce marketplace in Australia: Online shopping [Online] Available from http://www. cma. gov. au/webwr/_assets/main/lib410148/CR_comp_report1-E-commerce_Marketplace_in_Australia. pdf [Accessed on 01st January 2012] Most Popular Listings [Online] Available from http://www. aussie-shopping. com/directory/popular-listing. html? limitstart=20 [Accessed on 01st January 2012] Walsh, J. , 50 Tips to a User Friendly Website [Online] Available from http:/ /www. designinginteractive. com/design/50-tips-to-a-user-friendly-website/ [Accessed on 01st January 2012] Online shopping: Woolies or Coles? [Online] How to cite Use of the Website and Social Media of Woolworths, Essay examples

Persuasive Speech Outline free essay sample

It’s hard being a student and working at the same time, and find energy for both. I will show you why starting an exercise program can boost your energy and your mental health. Do you find yourself not having as much energy during the week as you used to when you were in high school? Gain Attention) a. Do you find that you get irritable more often? II. I am a current health science student, and have taken a nutritional course that really help my gain some perspective about my own health issues. Energy, mental health and physical health can all be eased by exercise. (Preview Main points) III. Most of us in this room are students, and also work. Some of us probably even have families we take care of. (Make Topic Relevant to Audience) a. So it’s important for us to stay healthy so that we can continue to do all of these things. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Speech Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Motivate) BODY I. Lack of exercise is detrimental to your health. When my uncle passed away from cardiovascular disease, I was a mess. I couldn’t believe that someone who seemed so young, could be taken so early, after all he was only 49. (Pathos) B. In a report put out by the CDC in January of 2012, cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of men and women in America. (Logos) Cardiovascular disease is when the arteries and veins become clogged with plaque, this due in part by lack of exercise. II Exercise can boost your mood, and mental health. A. After I was diagnosed with Clinical Depression and Anxiety, I started a rigorous medication plan. It’s hard to find that perfect pill or combination of pills that cures all the issues or their side effects. After taking my nutrition class I realized that I could use exercise as part of my treatment plan. (Pathos) B. Need an emotional lift? Or need to blow off some steam after a stressful day? According to a 2006 research paper published by University of Texas at Austin, a workout at the gym or a brisk 30-minute walk can help. (Logos) Physical activity stimulates various brain chemicals that may leave you feeling happier and more relaxed. You may also feel better about your appearance and yourself when you exercise regularly, which can boost your confidence and improve your self-esteem. III. Exercise boosts Energy A. Winded by grocery shopping or household chores? Regular physical activity can improve your muscle strength and boost your endurance. B. Exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and help your cardiovascular system work more efficiently. a. And when your heart and lungs work more efficiently, you have more energy to go about your daily chores. We should all get more exercise (reiterate topic and purpose) a. Exercise and physical activity are a great way to feel better, gain health benefits and have more energy (summarize main points) b. As a general goal, aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity every day. III. So are you ready to begin an exercise progam? (challenge the audience) IV. You can take up a dance class with your spouse, or take your family hiking on the weekend, or try a new sport like Frisbee Golf. The point is exercise can be a fun way to change your life, to why not start today? Persuasive Speech Outline free essay sample The world has a huge problem with poverty and hunger and this problem could be immensely downsized if everyone that has a little extra money sponsors a child. Pattern of Organization: Problem-Solution Introduction I. (Attention Getter): How many of you see poverty and hunger as a problem in our world? How many of you think that you cannot feasibly help solve this problem? II. Reveal Topic): A lot of children around the world are deprived of one or more of the essentials to survival and development. III. (Relate to Audience): I am sure almost all of us in here will have kids in the future at some point. Imagine not being able to give your child food to eat on a daily basis. Imagine making your child walk six miles daily to retrieve water that is not even sanitary. These are some terrifying thoughts, but so many children are living in these conditions as we speak. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Speech Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You may think that you cannot do anything about this but I am here today to tell you that you can. You can save a child’s life and help them get out of these conditions by sponsoring a child through a child sponsorship organization. IV. (Credibility): Along with the extended research that I have done with this topic, I am currently sponsoring two children through World Vision, just one of the many programs that offer child sponsorships. V. (Preview): Today, I will share with you one of the biggest problems in the world today which is poverty, especially with children, and then I will share one solution to help diminishing this problem. Connective (Internal Preview): I will start by showing how big of problem child poverty really is and how many other world problems such as hunger, diseases, and even death spawn from poverty. I. The world’s population recently reached 7 billion people and out of these, around 2. 2 billion are children. According to United Nations Children’s Fund, most commonly as known as UNICEF, 1 billion of those 2. 2 billion children are living in poverty. A. Poverty has a different effect on children than it does adults. According to Hans Olsen, writer of the article Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Child Poverty which was published in the New Straits Times in Malaysia on October 16, 2011, children that live in poverty have a lack not only physical resources but also lack spiritual and emotional resources that are needed to survive, grow, and flourish. 2. Child poverty spawns a cycle of poverty that is hard to break. It is hard for children that are born in poverty to change that situation and thus the cycle repeats. B. Poverty has spawned other huge problems in the world. Hunger and undernourishment is one byproduct of poverty. a. With no money to buy food and no government programs implemented to help support people that cannot buy food, naturally these families are going to go hungry. b. The quality of food that they can afford does not support healthy eating habits and thus most of them are undernourished which can lead to many health problems, weak immune systems, and stunted growth to a name a few. 2. A lack of health care is another problem created from poverty. This also ties in closely with being undernourished.